منابع مشابه
The worldwide problem of lead in petrol.
The use of lead as a petrol additive has been a catastrophe for public health. Leaded petrol has caused more exposure to lead than any other source worldwide. By contaminating air, dust, soil, drinkingwater and food crops, it has caused harmfully high human blood lead levels around the world, especially in children (1). Tetraethyllead was first added to petrol in 1922, to improve engine perform...
متن کاملSaccade dysfunction associated with chronic petrol sniffing and lead encephalopathy.
BACKGROUND In chronic petrol sniffers, recent exposure to high levels of leaded petrol may give rise to a lead encephalopathy characterised by tremor, chorea, ataxia, hyperreflexia, convulsive seizures, and death. Neurological abnormalities associated with lead encephalopathy involve the cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and brain stem. OBJECTIVE To use saccadic eye movement tasks as an expe...
متن کاملTrends in lead content of petrol in Pakistan.
Editor – We appreciate the comments of P.J. Landrigan concerning our article on the factors associated with elevated blood concentrations in children in Karachi, Pakistan (1, 2). In his editorial, however, he commented that the decline in the use of leaded petrol in Pakistan had resulted in declines in children's blood lead levels. Mean blood lead concentrations in schoolchildren had been repor...
متن کاملLead in petrol: the mistake of the XXth century.
The health aspects of the use of lead in petrol were evaluated in the 1920s in the United States of America and, in spite of warnings from certain lead-toxicity experts, lead addition to petrol became standard international practice. Available data now show that lead in petrol at the scale of use in the 1970s produced significant environmental lead contamination and increased average blood-lead...
متن کامل11. MTBE in petrol as a substitute for lead
The goal of this case study is to examine how foresight, embodied in the precautionary principle, can lead to robust and flexible decisions that meet the needs of the present, but that can be adapted to meet the changing needs of the future. Recently there has been much debate over the use of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in petrol. Concerns in particular over the potential for contamination o...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1980
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/284592d0